胡适留学日记卷十五二六、维持和平同盟会之创立

卷十五二六、维持和平同盟会之创立

　　PROPOSALS

　　We believe it to be desirable for the United States to join a league of nations binding the signatories to the following:

　　First: All justiciable questions arising between the signatory powers, not settled by negotiation, shall, subject to the limitations of treaties, be submitted to a judicial tribunal for hearing and judgment, both upon the merits and upon any issue as to its jurisdiction of the question.

　　Second: All other questions arising between the signatories and not settled by negotiation, shall be submitted to a council of conciliation for hearing, consideration and recommendation.

　　Third: The signatory powers shall jointly use forthwith both their economic and military forces against any one of their number that goes to war, or commits acts of hostility, against another of the signatories before any question arising shall be submitted as provided in the foregoing.

　　The following interpretation of Article Three has been authorized by the Executive Committee: "The signatory powers shall jointly use, forthwith, their economic forces against any of their number that refuses to submit any question which arises to an international judicial tribunal or council of conciliation before threatening war. They shall follow this by the joint use of their military forces against that nation if it actually proceeds to make war or invades another's territory without first submitting, or offering to submit, its grievance to the court or council aforesaid and awaiting its conclusion. "

　　Fourth: Conferences between the signatory powers shall be held from time to time to formulate and codify rules of international law, which, unless some signatory shall signify its dissent within a stated period, shall thereafter govern in the decisions of the Judicial Tribunal mentioned in Article one.

　　〔中译〕

　　提　议

　　我们认为美国可望将各国联合成一个同盟，并使其成员受如下条约之约束：

　　第一条　若各签约国之间产生可由法院仲裁之问题，而通过谈判又未获解决，须服从条约之规定，交由法庭就其是非曲直和任何裁决之根据实行审理和裁决。

　　第二条　各签约国之间若产生未能通过谈判获得解决之其他问题，须提交调解委员会审理、考虑，并听取其劝告。

　　第三条　若联盟内任一国发动战争或对他国采取敌对行动，签约各国将即刻运用各自经济的及军事的力量共同反对。并在任何上述二条中所提及可能发生之问题产生前，即对该国采取反对行动。

　　执行委员会已认可对第三条的如下解释：“若联盟内任一国拒绝服从国际法庭或调解委员会之仲裁，并将形成战争威胁时，各签约国将即刻使用其经济力量共同对抗之。若该国事先未将有关争端提交上述之法庭或调解委员会请求裁定并等待其结论，或未提出此类建议，即造成事实上之战争行为或侵入别国领土，则在此种情况下，各签约国在采取上述之经济对抗后便将共同运用其军事力量对抗之。”

　　第四条　各签约国间将经常性地召开会议制定和修改国际法则，并按上述第一条中所提及的法庭之决定执行，除非有签约国在指定时期内对条款表示异议。

　　“维持和平同盟”（The League to Enfore Paece）之议起于此邦。此邦人士如何耳特（Hamilton Holt）、塔夫脱（W. H. Taft）之流皆主之。前年六月十七日何耳特氏招此邦名流百人会于菲城之独立厅，组织一“维持和平同盟”会。塔虎脱氏今为之长。此会所主四大纲如上所列。四事之中，尤以第三事为要。两年以来，欧美政治家及政治学者多主张之。至前日（二十二日）威尔逊破百余年之成例，至参议院宣言，以此为将来外交政策之根本，则世界国际史真开一新纪元矣。

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